Farm Data Collection, Complexities & Compliance Tools, with Jack Brodshaug, Senior Principal Digital Agronomics

While return on investment (ROI) is top-of-mind for growers and their trusted crop consultants, Tom and Sally reiterate the true value of sustainable ag practice implementation and why 1-2 changes can be tough to calculate among a wide array of growing season conditions + factors. Specifically, how the two hot topic practice changes (cover crops and no-till ) can provide value above and beyond carbon program eligibility. 

Also in this episode of The Future. Faster, Tom and Sally are joined by Jack Brodshaug, Senior Principal Digital Agronomist at Nutrien Ag Solutions to discuss the value, potential complexities and needed future advancements of farm data collection and analysis, plus he elaborates on the details of the industry’s first program that puts value on a growers farm data – and what growers will need to participate.

Jack also shares his firsthand knowledge of Agrible - Nutrien Ag Solutions' proprietary sustainability digital platform that uses predictive agronomic forecasts and sustainability metrics generated from field-level data to improve operational efficiencies, generate new revenue streams from sustainability programs and ensure long-term success for future generations. All listeners are eligible to enter project code "nutriencarbon" into the Agrible Sign Up Page to begin utilizing the free platform today.

Visit futurefaster.com to learn more. We'll have new episodes every other week, so make sure to subscribe in your favorite podcast app.

Episode Transcript

Jack Brodshaug:

The best thing to do as a farmer right now is start keeping good records. Even if it's not necessarily carbon, there's going to be other opportunities, I think out there for extra revenue streams for farmers. And I think that's going to be a big thing.

Dusty Weis:

Welcome to the Future. Faster. A sustainable agriculture podcast by Nutrien Ag Solutions. With our very own Tom Daniel, Director of Retail, Sustainable Ag, and Dr. Sally Flis, Senior Manager Sustainability Field. This is your opportunity to learn about the next horizon in sustainable agriculture for growers, for partners, for the planet. To us, it's not about changing what's always worked, it's about continuing to do the little things that make a big impact. On this week's episode, Jack Brodshaug, Nutrien Ag Solutions, Senior Principle, Digital Agronomist, joins us to discuss the value, potential complexities and the needed future advancements of farm data collection and analysis. Plus, he elaborates on the details of the industry's first program that pays growers for their farm data and what growers will need to participate.

Dusty Weis:

But if you haven't yet make sure you're subscribed to this podcast in your favorite app. Also make sure you follow Nutrien Ag Solutions on Facebook and Instagram. I'm Dusty Weis, and it's time once again, to introduce Tom Daniel and Sally Flis. And Tom at Sally in all our episodes so far, we've talked about the opportunities in carbon markets, but we shouldn't loose sight of the fact that there's value in these practices, whether you can get into those markets or not. And Tom, I heard that you were on a call yesterday where this came up.

Tom Daniel:

Yeah, I definitely did, Dusty. It was a pretty intense call is the way I'll describe it today. But it was an interesting call because it was from diverse people, there were some grower interest on the call, there were some different industry perspectives around carbon, but one of the key components that came out of the whole discussion is that cover crops and no-till are the two practices that we keep mentioning all the time. And we've got to understand that if we're trying to implement those two practices specifically, to get into some type of revenue type payment, like carbon or water quality or whatever, then we really miss sight of what the actual purpose of those farmer practice changes are. Those farmer practice changes have a lot more impact on the farm operation than just trying to generate a revenue. And I know Sally, we've had multiple discussions with growers about, let's not lose focus as to what the purpose of those farmer practice changes are.

Sally Flis:

Yeah, for sure, Tom. And we've got a lot of growers that we're working with that are already doing no-till or cover crop or other conservation practices in the field because they saw the value in implementing these practices. I mean, I know you've got some NRCS projects you're working with, with RCPP dollars and whatnot, but when we talked to growers in some programs I worked in previously, we asked them, did you implement these practices because you got dollars from NRCS or you got outside funding? And at least half the growers, most of the time said, no, they just implemented them because they saw the value and they wanted to make the right decision. And they've stuck with them because they continue to see those improved soil, health aspects, water infiltration, water holding capacity, reduced soil loss, better crop performance.

Sally Flis:

I think one of the things that we talked about this a little bit on the last episode, we got to remember there are some challenges or downsides to some of these. You have to change your pest management or worry about some disease suppression a little bit differently, if you go to say a no-till system or in cover crops. We talked about thinking about changing that pesticide application or having to deal with something like slugs, but generally the positives outweigh the negatives and it's just getting on the right learning curve for implementing these practices successfully.

Tom Daniel:

Yeah. And Sally, you use the term learning curve, and it definitely is. It's not something that I would recommend any grower implement a hundred percent of his farm, for instance, to go to cover crops in one year, you need to learn what unique things are going to occur when you start implementing cover crops. What does it mean to terminate the crop or do I use a winter kill type cover crop? There's just a lot of learnings that have to be determined out of this. So I would never recommend a grower that's farming a significant number of acres to implement these practices on every acre. These are things he starts slow with, learns with and then over time he understands how he can use these.

Tom Daniel:

Most growers are implementing cover crop today, or no-till specifically because it fits the need for productivity on the farm. So they're trying to get to a return on investment, and ROI is the key component for being sustainably, economically on the farm. So my question to you is, should ROI be the number one thing that we're looking at when we're implementing any practice change on the farm, not just no-till or cover crop, but does it give us a return on the amount of investment that we're putting into it?

Sally Flis:

I think it should always be a part of the discussion, Tom, but sometimes it's really hard to get at an ROI for a specific practice. So in my previous work, we wanted to look at what's the return on investment of implementing the four R practices. So right source, rate, timing, and placement of nutrient applications. So we shied away from going on real return on investment, I think some of the challenges there, we use ROI or return on investment as an interchangeable term when we may not really be calculating a full return on investment all the time. But we ended up looking at changing cost instead, because then we could really focus on say if the grower changed from applying all their fertilizer, as hydras in the fall to a two or three split application in season and made some rate adjustment, maybe added different products to that system, what was the change in what it cost him to produce that crop versus the previous year?

Sally Flis:

Because as you know, Tom, there's so many factors that are going to impact crop yield, and I was just too hesitant to say that just because we made that for our nitrogen management practice change, we had that return on investment when crop yield could have been better that next year for weather, for pest, for a whole list of other reasons, besides just changes in nitrogen management.

Tom Daniel:

Well, and Sally, I think you would agree that decisions we make around nitrogen usage or other nutrient usages on the farm are going to be unique every year. I mean, there's going to be years that we have adequate rainfall and be years that we don't and we're going to make changes to the way we farm those years based upon what the environment gives us for those years. So I think we always want to be focused on ROI and it's not all about just reducing something, it's about how are we maximizing the input that we're putting on to making sure we're getting the full benefit from it, for the crop we're raising that year. I do have to ask you another question.

Tom Daniel:

Yesterday's call for me, I know there's a lot of confusion around this carbon market today and Dusty, I'm bringing the call back to carbon. Okay. But there's a lot of confusion around carbon today. And trust me on that call yesterday, even when we tried to bring clarity to it, that we don't increase the amount of confusion about carbon, there was someone on the call yesterday that said that we didn't need to restrict tillage on the farm, that it truly didn't have an impact on carbon, which I thought was a unique statement. When I believe that all of the science tells us today that every time we till the field, do we not release carbon into the atmosphere when we apply tillage?

Sally Flis:

Yeah. I mean, that's the main thing we get penalized for as you turn that ground over and you get different types of bacteria that become active when you turn the ground over, versus when you leave it the way it is. And so you change that whole cycle because of that exposure to oxygen and so those bacteria work faster than they were working when they were under the ground and you get more carbon release because they start breaking down that material faster than when we leave it in place. So, yeah, it's an interesting comment to hear that tillage change isn't going to make a difference. I would say though, there are some places that are really sandy soil areas, changing tillage is probably never really going to change your soil organic carbon. I think that goes back to previous conversations we've had where, there's parts of the country where soil organic carbon sequestration are just never going to be a thing, because you've got the wrong soil type, you've got too much moisture, you've got warm temperatures all the time.

Sally Flis:

So there's definitely places where the impact of tillage on soil, organic carbon are going to be different, but in general reduced tillage is going to be good for your system. Not just carbon in the soil, but to keep the soil where you want it, to keep the stuff that you're applying, where you want it, there's lots more benefits than just that carbon piece, like we were saying.

Tom Daniel:

To me, I think it goes back to our discussions we've always had, it's not about one single practice or one single farm practice change, it's about how all of it fits together in that whole acre solution. How do we bring all of those things together? And so I think about in my childhood in Kentucky, we raised a lot of winter wheat and farmers did not have the technology at one time to be able to really no-till well into that wheat cover after the wheat harvest happened. So what did we do? Well, there was lots of smoke in my area during that time, Sally and we saw a lot of wheat fields after the wheat harvest, we burned all the straw off, now, today technology gives us a whole new way to do that and a better way to do that, so we don't see that as much anymore.

Tom Daniel:

Because the burning off of the straw was just, we're losing all the benefits of everything that we've attempted to do with having no-till and having a crop harvest that came off and actually a new planting into that, so we lose all those benefits. So technologies are developing that's going to make us much better in this space over time, for sure.

Dusty Weis:

Well, and Tom, you certainly mentioned that there's a lot of confusion around carbon right now. And one thing that helps reduce that confusion, and one thing that really helps you dial in that whole acre solution that you mentioned is having a good data record of your farming practices and letting the data inform those practices. And so coming up after the break here, we're going to talk to one of Nutrien's, top experts on digital agronomy. That's coming up in a moment here on the Future. Faster. This is the Future. Faster. A sustainable agriculture podcast by Nutrien Ag Solutions. I'm Dusty Weis, along with Tom Daniel and Sally Flis, and we're joined now by Jack Brodshaug, Senior Principle, Digital agronomist here at Nutrien Ag Solutions. Jack, thanks for joining us. You've been working in digital agronomy for a while now, all across the industry, so what do you see as the value of farm data in today's discussions around carbon and other potential farm revenue opportunities?

Jack Brodshaug:

That's a really good question, Dusty and happy to be on the podcast here. I think farm data has really been something that is traditionally used for making precision ag recommendations, making a nitrogen recommendation, making a seed recommendation. There's more smart seed tools where you can select a hybrid that's best for an environment and carbon is just another piece of that. But I really look at carbon as honestly, the first time that farmers can actually put a value on their data, every farmer, all the time, when you're talking about these large companies and getting data, they say, well, there's some value to my data. Carbon is actually putting a value to some extent on that data, that farmer is getting paid for that data and that's something that's new. So again, we talk about the value of carbon and obviously that's what we're really incentivizing as a brand new practice, but this does put a value on that data. And so it's that first time we can actually put a value on that data for that farmer.

Sally Flis:

So Jack, you and I have been spending the last couple of months, working with growers that are enrolled in various different pilots that we've got going with Nutrien Ag Solutions. And I've had a few, you've probably had a few too that have looked at the volume of data that we need in order to do that initial enrollment in a carbon pilot so that we can calculate accurately what their carbon metrics are, what impact they're having. I've had a couple that just laughed at me on the phone and said, yeah, I'm not doing that for the price you're offering per acre, it's not worth it. How have you guided some of those conversations you've had? Or what are some of the other values that we can know to communicate, to grow growers of doing that data entry beyond just this carbon market piece?

Jack Brodshaug:

Yeah, so how farmers have used data in the past this for an agronomic recommendation, and that does require a fair amount of data sometimes to make a precision seeding wreck, you're asking for three years worth of yield data. And for some farmers, that's hard enough to get a spatial map for the last three years and then you who combine that with some soil testing maps and an imagery map, carbon requires more data than anything else at this point, so you think of the data funnel, the most data required for anything out there is going to be to qualify for a carbon program. So not surprising that you've gotten laughed at, I've gotten laughed at, it's not fun with that data, and every farmer's a little different in how they keep records. So quite honestly, there's some farmers that probably aren't going to qualify and some of their disqualification is because they maybe don't have good enough records.

Jack Brodshaug:

Now we say, don't have good enough records, I think the big question is validation verification. So if you get audited on these carbon programs, how can you prove what you did? And that's why we need some of these really good records, not only to quantify your carbon calculation, but to verify that, hey, I, as a farmer did this, and this is the proof that this is what my historical practices were, this is a new practice and this is how I can prove that this is a brand new practice. So I think the best recommendation I can have for farmers is that if you aren't keeping good records, start keeping good records, trying to keep digital records of it, whether that's in Agrible, whether that's just keeping better records on an Excel spreadsheet. I mean, at least that's something we can work with.

Jack Brodshaug:

If you don't have good enough records today, quite honestly, it may disqualify you, we can work with you, see what you have, but I think that the big thing is no matter what, there's an opportunity here for farmers to just start keeping better records and we can start trying to get you qualified down the road.

Tom Daniel:

Jack, when we talk about records, I can remember old school records were basically kept for tax reasons, so we kept records of receipts of purchases and things that we did that we turned over to a tax a accountant at the end of the year. This is really entirely different though, we're not talking about just purchase receipts and those type things, we're talking about actual farm practice tracking on the farm. And when I say farm practice, tillage and times across the field and all of those type things. And for honesty about this, an Excel spreadsheet's one place to start, but you really do need a digital platform to start recording these things. What are some things a grower should be looking for if he chooses to use a digital platform for recording his data? What are some things he probably should be looking for in the right platform?

Jack Brodshaug:

Tom, you're exactly right, in terms of most farmers, at least keep good tax records and have those things, but what we're talking about for carbon, it's trying to track every pass across the field quite oftentimes, we need to track tillage practices. And so again, when you talk about geospatial data and using some of these geospatial platforms that are out there, whether it's a climate field view, my John Deere, you have fields in our Echelon Platform, you have fields Agrible, which isn't quite geospatial, we can have field level data in there. That's really what we need to have is something that can track in the field, at a field level, every pass across the field. Not even some of these other platforms necessarily have tillage and that's a big one that Agrible does have, we can track some of those things and be able to quantify that in some of our carbon modeling calculations.

Jack Brodshaug:

So lot of options out there, again, as Nutrien and being for the grower here, we're not really partial to one or the other, as long as we have good records, we'll try to work with that grower and be able to get that it into Agrible one way or another, which is what we're using to quantify a lot of our carbon models and be able to get a value and get that grower qualified. So I think at this point, it's really just about tracking every pass across that field, geospatial platforms are much preferred and there's a lot more other features there beyond carbon that are pretty cool to utilize, but really we're just all about tracking every pass across the field so we can quantify that.

Jack Brodshaug:

And to the first part of your question, when you mentioned receipts, receipts are also going to be a part of this whole thing, one of the big things that these auditors are looking for is evidence. And so part of the evidence, if you don't have an as applied map for nitrogen, what they're going to look at is going to be receipts. So again, those are going to maybe come back and be something that auditors look at, it's not necessarily something you got to submit, but there is just a lot of overhead when it comes to checking on these things in terms of evidence.

Sally Flis:

So you mentioned quite a few different digital platforms that growers might be using. And we've interacted with growers that are probably using two or three of those at the same time. So what's one of the gaps, even though there's a lot good tools out there in getting to where we need to be, to submit an acre for a verified, validated carbon credit?

Jack Brodshaug:

Well, one of the gaps from my position, and Sally and Tom, you guys have also dealt with this, there's a lot of data out there, there's a lot of different platforms out there. It's getting these platforms to talk each other, which I really think is the biggest gap. Actually, if something's in an Excel spreadsheet, that's pretty straightforward, we can just look at that Excel spreadsheet, enter the data into Agrible, quantify it, and away we go. If the data's in a granular, if the data's in a, my John Deere, if the data's in a climate field view, we want to work with that farmer, but that's their record keeping software. Today, we don't have connection points there and again, this is something that is industry wide, that everyone is trying to solve for and growers who use some of these platforms know that it's oftentimes hard to get the data out and then into another platform.

Jack Brodshaug:

So that's part of a lot of these various platform strategy for grower retention, because it's a big pain in order to move your data out of a system. So I do think the industry is changing in that regard and there is more openness to connect in and connect these various platforms, so it's a lot easier to transfer data back and forth. But again, I think as growers, every grower should be an advocate for being able to make this a lot simpler. A lot of these platforms should be able to be connected and if a grower wants to move things back and forth, there's opportunity there. So again, as Nutrien, we're all about whatever the grower wants to use and if they want to participate in our carbon program, we're hoping to try to get more and more connections to these various platforms to make it simpler for those growers and limit the manual data entry.

Jack Brodshaug:

So I think the main thing too, is Agrible and Nutrien, even if you don't have some of these geospatial platforms, you can manually enter that data. Again, we have to have some of that evidence, but if that evidence is even just a notepad where it was written down, that this field was tilled on this date, that is evidence and that qualifies. So we're open to anybody that wants to manually enter data, or hopefully once we get more connections into these various platforms, being able to just click a button and transfer that data over and quantify that carbon going forward.

Sally Flis:

Jack, you have mentioned the Nutrien Ag Solutions tool of Agrible a few times now. And I don't think we've mentioned Agrible on the podcast before and if we have, I'm sure we haven't really talked much about what it is. So can you give us a little more background on what Agrible is? How do you get signed up? What's the data requirements and what do you get out for signing up for a tool like Agrible?

Jack Brodshaug:

Absolutely. So Agrible as a standalone company was purchased by Nutrien, it was around three years ago as an acquisition, and it's really been our sustainability platform in Nutrien for the last three years. And we've expanded that now into being the carbon platform as well. So really it's a great tool for record keeping. Want to talk about using it as a sustainability platform in the past, and really still is currently used as a sustainability platform. We have API connections into field to market as well as cool farm alliance where a farmer can enter every pass across the field for a given year and get a sustainability report back from field to market, as well as cool farm alliance with the various sustainability metrics on there. So a lot of value there working with a lot of downstream companies for that purpose, but again, it's really about field record keeping.

Jack Brodshaug:

We have field stories, the main feature there where you're entering your passes across the field, all the details, how much fertilizer was applied, when it was applied, what tillage and when, all those details are entered into there. But there's a number of different agronomic tools that are also involved in Agrible. So a lot of people are likely aware of our weather tools that are in Agrible, you can get rainfall by field, if you subscribed to our email list, Eric Snodgrass has number of great weather videos that get sent out to our mailing list. And we also have some agronomic tools, we have tractor time, which will tell you if your field is ready to be tiled or do any other field on that field. And then we also have yield engine, which is a yield modeling engine provided there by Agrible.

Jack Brodshaug:

So some agronomic tools there. We're looking to expand some of those, really trying to get more modeling involved there in terms of nitrogen and then overall as a carbon quantification tool. But that's really what Agrible the platform is. So pretty exciting times and again, a lot of work still being on Agrible and it's been a great platform and hoping to connect into others, to again, make that data entry piece simpler. One thing I always preach is that, we can have as good of a platform for entering manual data as possible, the best UX out there, nobody wants to enter manual data, if the data is somewhere, we just want to click a button and move it over. Why can't we move it over from some of these other platforms? And so that's what we always hear from farmers, that's some of the stuff we're really working on to decrease that burden on our crop consultants, on our growers, and me and you Sally.

Sally Flis:

There you go.

Tom Daniel:

Look Jack, one question I've got, this came from a grower I had the other day. He says, I'm not really at this point, interested in a carbon market or some of those type things, but I do know that I need to get ready for that. If you had heard that statement from a grower, what would be your advice to the grower on the data side, on what does he need to do now to get ready?

Jack Brodshaug:

That's a great question. And I think just in the way the marketplace is, there's an argument to be had that some people feel this is a land grab where every company's trying to grab farmers and be able to enroll them long term. I don't really know if it is, I think there's a lot of hype around it right now, but I think we hear that comment a lot. Maybe not yet the best thing to do as a farmer right now is start keeping good records, even if it's not necessarily carbon, there's going to be other opportunities I think out there from a traceability standpoint, from a sustainability standpoint. A lot of the conversations being had out there with downstream companies, just being able to track what's being done with your food, I mean, a lot of consumers asking those questions out there.

Jack Brodshaug:

And so I think just record keeping in general, whether it's carbon or not, there's going to be opportunities out there for extra revenue streams for farmers. And I think that's going to be a big thing. Again, there's going to be more of a dollar value placed on your data and I think that's going to be the important thing here going forward.

Sally Flis:

So Tom, I know you signed up for Agrible on your farm, I think I have my backyard in Agrible, so I get my emails every morning about whether or not I should be spraying or planting or doing other activities in my backyard every day. How long did that take you to sign up for Tom? And then Jack, how can growers get signed up for Agrible and start down that journey of data collection?

Tom Daniel:

Anybody that knows me knows that I'm not the most technology savvy guy that's ever been around. So I'm 62 years old and most guys in my generation are a little less driven to technology as others, but I found it to be very simple. And Jack, I know there's a lot of work being done on the Agrible platform today, putting in borders and boundaries and getting stuff that can be just as you said, click and bring in. But to me, it's not a hard process and it's a great place to store stuff. And I guess the key thing to remember too guys is it's my data, so Nutrien doesn't have access to it unless I tell Nutrien they have access to it. So it does have privacy and it is my data to choose to do what I choose to do with it.

Jack Brodshaug:

Anybody can really sign up too. And honestly, Tom, not to poke fun at you, but when I go to a farm visit, usually there gets to be three or four people in there. And you're my target for the guy that, there's always some guy that hides in the corner when I'm trying to take out technology.

Tom Daniel:

That's me.

Jack Brodshaug:

Maybe a little older, little technology averse, and that's the guy because it's so simple, I target that because, hey, that guy can do it, well, anybody can do it. It works well and again, that's something that it is very simple. Like I was saying, there, anybody can sign up and really, if you go to sign up, there is a promo code you can enter in, the promo code is Nutriencarbon, So no spaces in there, but it's Nutriencarbon. We'll put that, I think in the description of the episode here too, but if anybody wants to go sign up, start keeping records yourself, start adding data, or just start adding fields to start getting rainfall data and just play around with Agrible. Anybody's more than welcome to do that, just go to the website, go to agrible.com, click on, sign up, and then you enter in your promo code, Nutriencarbon.

Jack Brodshaug:

You can start signing up, and really, if you had historical data from the last year, you can enter that in into field story and actually go in and get a field to market report on your farm. You can get sustainability metrics and just start playing around with that too. So reach out to your crop consultant, but that promo code will work for you and get signed up.

Sally Flis:

Jack, we have covered a lot of ground today on data and requirements and talked about some of the challenges we have in the field and ways we can help growers and crop consultants through those challenges. What are some of the remote sensing or other tools that Nutrien Ag Solutions is exploring in order to get away from this manual entry or even having to worry about connecting to another data collection platform, but really just getting it right in there from some drone or other remote sensing opportunities that are out there?

Jack Brodshaug:

That's a great question. And really one of the things there we're looking for is scalability, and so we're looking at some various satellite imagery technologies that are out there. We're actually doing some work on being able to try to quantify soil organic carbon using some remote sensing, some satellite imagery, so that's one of the things we're looking at. But along with that is, if we can tell if there's a cover crop growing, or we can tell that there is tillage events out there, that is the biggest gap, even when you look at other data collection platforms. And so it allows a grower to not have to enter that data manually, but it can help validate if they do. We've done some testing on some of these remote sensing where we can see where tillage event takes place and the grower entered an incorrect date, and it's very clear. Or they said there was no till and they clearly tilled. So some of that stuff can help us validate, but also can eliminate some of the manual data entry.

Jack Brodshaug:

So looking at a lot of remote sensing that way in some of those technologies, and then also looking at different ways, we can stratify the soil and be able to scale some of the soil testing. There's some different soil sensor technologies we're taking a hard look at, at some various locations and we've got a lot of promise there and hopefully that'll continue. So a lot of focus in carbon and again, it's the hype and it's a new hot topic, but that also means a lot of money coming in and a lot of new technologies. So we're evaluating really everything out there, taking a hard look at things, and hopefully that can ease the burden of data entry, but also make us more accurate, make these carbon models more accurate too, more data is always better when it comes to these different models and testing them.

Dusty Weis:

Well, Jack, as the technology goes, it certainly seems like there's a lot out there to get excited about right now. And I work with a fellow pretty regularly who's a figure in the ag industry, he likes to say, if you haven't been on a farm in the last five years, you haven't been on a farm. And certainly a lot of the practices and technology that we're talking today here illustrate that perfectly. But thank you for taking the time to chat with us today. Jack Brodshaug, Senior Principle, Digital Agronomist from Nutrien Ag Solutions. Thank you so much for joining us on this episode of the Future. Faster.

Dusty Weis:

That is going to conclude this edition of the Future. Faster. The pursuit of sustainable success with Nutrien Ag Solutions. New episodes arrive every other week, so make sure you subscribe in your favorite app and join us again soon. Visit futurefaster.com to learn more. The Future. Faster. Podcast is brought to you by Nutrien Ag Solutions, with executive producer Connor Irwin and editing by Larry Kygo III. And it's produced by Podcamp Media, branded podcast production for businesses, podcampmedia.com. For Nutrien Ag Solutions, thanks for listening, I'm Dusty Weis.